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Artistic movements in black & white photographyPictorialism vs 'straight' photography in 20th century black & white photography artistic movements.Pictorialism was a photographic movement of the early 20th century which subscribed to the idea that art photography should emulate the painting and etching of the time. Among the methods used for this purpose were soft focus, special filters and lens coatings, heavy manipulation in the darkroom and exotic printing processes. Most of these pictures are black and white or sepia.
Pine Forest in the Snow -... Straight photography refers to photography that attempts to depict a scene as realistically and objectively as permitted by the medium, forsaking the use of manipulation both pre-exposure (e.g., filters, lens coatings, soft focus) and post-exposure (e.g., unusual developing and printing methods). A circle of famous photographers who renounced pictorialism went on to found Group f/64 in 1932, which espoused the ideal of unmanipulated, or straight photography. The term f/64 refers to the smallest aperture setting on a large format camera, which secures maximum depth of field, rendering a photograph evenly sharp from foreground to background. An extract from the Group f/64 manifesto follows: Group f/64 limits its members and invitational names to those workers who are striving to define photography as an art form by simple and direct presentation through purely photographic methods. The Group will show no work at any time that does not conform to its standards of pure photography. Pure photography is defined as possessing no qualities of technique, composition or idea, derivative of any other art form. The production of the "Pictorialist," on the other hand, indicates a devotion to principles of art which are directly related to painting and the graphic arts. The members of Group f/64 believe that photography, as an art form, must develop along lines defined by the actualities and limitations of the photographic medium, and must always remain independent of ideological conventions of art and aesthetics that are reminiscent of a period and culture antedating the growth of the medium itself. One of the most famous members of Group f/64 was Ansell Adams.
also see: This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Pictorialism" and from http://www.white-on.com
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